Trends of the Periodic Table

Part 1: Little People Sort

In this activity you will be arranging the little people in a specific pattern that your group chooses.  Find as many trends/patterns as possible.  The more the better. 

Procedures:

Data Analysis:

1. What are some of the physical properties that helped you organize the little people?

Physical properties such as the amount of smile or frown, number of hands, number of fingers, size of body, and the body patterns were all included in our organization.

2. What do the little people have in common in each period?

Moving across, in the top row, the little people are all the skiniest in the group, have 1 hand, and are increasingly getting sad.  Ih the second row, they are the second skinniest in the group with the same pattern, and so one all the way down.

3. What do the little people have in common in each group?

Moving verticly, the little people have the same smile/frown, same design, and have an increasingly number of arms, with at least 1 arm the same exact arm and number of fingers at the one before it.

Part 2: Grouping the Elements

Use Pages 334 - 335, 338 - 341 in your textbook to do this section of your wiki.

For each group of elements, you will need to: (there are 9 groups)

• Insert an image of the periodic table and circle the group of elements
• Name of the group (skip the transition metal group)
• Number of electrons in the outer level (also called valence electrons)?
• Do they give or take electrons?  How many do they give or take? (read page 354 - 355 to help you find out this answer)
• Number of electron rings?  (If you look at enough examples on pages 353 - 358 you can figure out this answer)
• Shared Properties

Here is an example of how you can organize your work.  Remember, this is only an example and if you find another way your group likes, use it.

Group 1: Alkali Metals 1 electrons in the outer level (valence electrons) Gives or takes 1 valence electron  1 electron ring Shared Properties soft; silver-colored; shiney; low density

Group 2: Alkaline-earth Metals 1 electrons in the outer level (valence electrons) Gives or takes 2 valence electrons 1 electron rings Shared Properties silver colored; more dense than alkali metals

Groups 3-12: Metals  1 or 2 electrons in the outer level (valence electrons) Gives or takes this group does not have a general rule relating to the number of valence electrons 1 electron ring Shared Properties: Shiny; good conductors of thermal energy and electric current; higher densities and melting points (except for mercury) than elements in Groups 1 and 2

Group 13: Boron Group 3 electrons in the outer level (valence electrons)  Gives or takes has 10 or fewer valence electrons than their group  number valence electrons 2 electron rings Shared Properties: Solid at room temperature

Group 14: Carbon Group 4 electrons in the outer level (valence electrons) Gives or takes has 10 or fewer valence electrons than their group  number valence electrons 2 electron rings Shared Properties: Solid at room temperature

Group 15: Nitrogen Group 5 electrons in the outer level (valence electrons)  Gives or takes has 10 or fewer valence electrons than their group  number valence electrons 2 electron rings Shared Properties: All but Nitrogen are solid at room temperature

Group 16: Oxygen Group 6 electrons in the outer level (valence electrons)  Gives or takes has 10 or fewer valence electrons than their group  number valence electrons 2 electron rings Shared Properties: all but oxygen are solid at room temperature

Group 17: Halogens 7 electrons in the outer level (valence electrons)  Gives or takes has 10 or fewer valence electrons than their group  number valence electrons 2 electron rings Shared Properties: poor conductors of the electric current; react violently with Alkali Metals to form salts; never found uncombined in nature

Group 18: Noble Gases 8 (two for Helium) electrons in the outer level  Gives or takes has 10 or fewer valence electrons than their group  number valence electrons 2 electron rings Shared Properties: colorless, odorless gases at room temperature

Data Analysis:
1. List all the trends/patterns that you have noticed in each Period?  The more you notice, the better.

• The atomic number increases by one
• The number of protons increases by one, thus the number of electrons also increases by one

2. List all the trends/patterns that you have noticed in each Group?  The more you notice, the better.

• Number of valence electrons normally increases by one
• Metals: melting point decreases as you go down the group
• Non-metals: melting point increases as you go down the group

Related Links:

• http://www.lynchburg.net/hhs/chemistry/trends/ 
• http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch104-06/periodic.htm 
• http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/4097/chem/chap4/periodictrends.html